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人民日报:深化国企改革要守护合法权益

2017-2-28
2014-03-27
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

国企改革作为改革的重要内容,来路清晰、去向明确,但其过程相当曲折复杂,可谓“路就在脚下,但寸步难行”。改革开放以来,国企改革一直是人们关注的焦点,也是30多年负重前行的风向标之一。从最初的放权让利、承包经营,到后来的股份制改革,国有企业一步步走向市场,一点点摆脱行政干扰。十八届三中全会倡导“积极发展混合所有制经济”“完善现代企业制度”,正是为了进一步推动国企成为真正的市场主体。

对贵州这样的西部欠发达地区而言,国有企业要想重焕生机并发挥引领作用,只有改革一条路可走。但贵州国企大多数是依托于“三线”建设发展起来的,历史欠账多,“改有困难,不改困难更多”。改革面临着两难选择:不能激发国企活力,就会造成国有资产隐性流失;引入民间资本,又存在很多实际的矛盾和困难。

当前,贵州国企的主要问题是竞争力不强、带动地方经济发展的能力较弱。当务之急,是不断增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力。为此,我们启动了省国资委监管企业产权制度改革三年行动计划,全面对各类资本开放,对竞争性国企,国有资本持股比例不设限制引进战略投资者发展混合所有制经济,鼓励增量补充资本。鼓励完善现代企业制度的同时,探索员工持股制度。

这一轮改革,时间紧、任务重,涉及职工人数多、历史遗留问题多。我们意识到,越往前走,人们期待越高,新旧矛盾困难互相叠加,需要支付的成本越高。因此,必须坚持以人为本,围绕维护职工合法权益想办法、出思路、定政策,这是当前推进国企改革的底线。提到国企改革需坚守的底线,大家的第一反应往往是防止国有资产流失。但从实际推进和操作来看,防止国有资产流失有比较完善的监督体系,改革能否顺利进行的关键在于能不能有效维护职工合法权益。守不住这一底线,改革将只能停留在口号上、文件中,甚至会产生新的“包袱”,引发“旧病”。

为此,贵州创新思路、积极探索解决国企改革的三个关键问题:一是创新方式筹集改革成本。通过建立改革改制平台,开发和利用金融工具放大现有改革改制资金规模和政策功能,强化保障“维护职工合法权益”底线的能力;二是合理统筹分流安置职工。围绕劳动关系接续和职工合法权益保障,探索建立竞争性职工利益保护机制,供分流职工选择安置路径,统筹解决好历史遗留问题和本轮改革的职工分流安置;三是市场化移交社会职能。探索与地方政府建立社会职能市场化服务机制,将社会职能分离计入改革成本,向第三方购买社会职能服务,从根本上解决社会职能移交问题。

毋庸置疑,深化国企改革是大文章,不能在适应市场化的改革中走向极端。国有企业是推进国家现代化、保障人民共同利益的重要力量。国企的产权制度改革涉及重大利益调整,必须考虑各方的利益平衡。发展混合所有制经济,必须保证投资人的利益;调整企业治理结构,也不能把原有职工当包袱甩了。二者的合法利益,都应该得到平等的保护,不可偏废。

(本文章摘自《人民日报》,作者为贵州省副省长王江平。)